The team of Associate Professor Song Yanzhi and Professor Deng Yihui from the School of Pharmacy of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University published a paper in the 1st issue of Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B in 2023. They used sialic acid -mediated photochemotherapy to eliminate the impact of immune aging on anti-tumor treatment in elderly mice, induced tumor shedding in some mice, and the mice cured within 59 days did not show in situ tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. The 21st century is an era of aging population, and diseases related to the elderly are becoming increasingly prominent. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the susceptibility and lower recovery ability of the elderly led to high infection and mortality rates. In April 2020, Nature announced the addition of Nature Aging to promote exchanges between experts in this field. Aging causes the immune system to gradually undergo a series of degenerative changes under the long-term combined action of multiple factors. This phenomenon is called immunosenescence. The aging of T lymphocytes is the main cause of immunosenescence. To date, most studies on immunosenescence have focused on the aging of the immune system itself and the underlying mechanisms. However, the impact of immunosenescence on the treatment of certain age-related diseases, especially tumors, remains unexplored. In preclinical anti-tumor therapy studies, 4- to 8-week-old mice (equivalent to 1- to 16-year-old humans) are used as experimental animals; however, this age does not match the age of clinical patients. Clinical data show that the peak incidence of human cancer is 50 to 70 years old. Immunosenescence greatly affects the distribution of nanomedicines that are closely related to the immune system. Over the past 20 years, the research group has been studying the close relationship between the immune system and nanomedicine. They systematically studied sialic acid (SA) -modified nanoparticles (NPs) and established a sialic acid -mediated neutrophil drug delivery system. We found that the accumulation of SA-modified NPs in tumors was increased by increasing the infiltration of neutrophils into tumors through photodynamic/photothermodynamic therapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) liposomes modified with sialic acid cholesterol conjugate (SA-CH) can induce the expression of calreticulin on the surface of tumor cells, increase the secretion of high-mobility group protein B1, and promote the release of ATP. In this way, dendritic cells can effectively recognize and phagocytize tumor cells and present tumor antigens. However, the above research results were obtained through 4-8 week-old mice, without considering the potential impact of immune aging on anti-tumor therapy. For this reason, the authors designed relevant experiments to investigate the relationship between immune aging and anti-tumor therapy. In this study, the authors found that the number of CD8+T cells and neutrophils in 16-month-old mice was significantly reduced, which inferred that 16-month-old mice had immune senescence. During the anti-tumor treatment of 2-, 8-, and 16-month-old mice, sialic acid-modified indocyanine green-loaded liposomes (SL-ICG) increased the infiltration of neutrophils and CD8+ T cells in the tumor, causing scabs to appear at the tumor site of some mice; however, the aging of CD8+ T cells in the cured mice led to tumor recurrence in situ and distant metastasis, the extent of which varied with the age of the mice. Sialic acid-modified doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (SL-DOX) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells; however, the aging of neutrophils severely hindered the neutrophil drug delivery system in 16-month-old mice. Sialic acid-modified co-loaded liposomes (SL-Co) promoted the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and neutrophils into the tumor, increased the accumulation of drugs at the tumor site, and eliminated the effect of immune senescence on anti-tumor treatment in 16-month-old mice. Sialic acid-mediated photochemotherapy enhances infiltration of CD8+ T cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes into tumors of immunosenescent mice Dezhi Sui, Changzhi Li, Xueying Tang, Xianmin Meng, Junqiang Ding, Qiongfen Yang, Zhaowei Qi, Xinrong Liu, Yihui Deng, Yanzhi Song* Acta Pharm Sin B 2023;13(1):425-439 ...
Detail >Zhengshuo Biotechnology in 2024 CPHI & PMEC China The 22nd World Pharmaceutical Raw Materials China Exhibition and the 17th World Pharmaceutical Machinery, Packaging Equipment and Materials China Exhibition (CPHI & PMEC China 2024) have come to a successful conclusion at the Shanghai New International Expo Center on June 21! This exhibition has brought together the global pharmaceutical industry, continued to explore integration and innovation, and made positive contributions to optimizing the pharmaceutical ecosystem and opening up new heights for the development of the pharmaceutical industry. In 2024, the exhibition will cover an area of over 220,000 square meters, covering 26 exhibition halls in the Shanghai New International Expo Center, setting a new record. During the three-day exhibition, 99,749 professional visitors from 135 countries and regions were welcomed, of which overseas visitors accounted for nearly 25%, an increase of 41.4% over 2023, the highest in history. At the exhibition site, Chinese and foreign merchants came in droves, and the trade boom was surging, participating in the grand event of the pharmaceutical industry. Zhejiang Zhengshuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd took part in this exhibition as well and met with many friends from worldwide. This is a great platform to know each other, not only to display products, but also for better communication face by face. What ’ s service do we provide? We undertakes various types of bio-enzyme catalysis , protein expression and purification technology development and chiral compound customization services. We currently has a complete bio-enzyme catalysis technology, protein expression and purification platform, and has developed nearly 100 bio-enzyme catalysis, protein expression and purification technologies for more than 30 customers. The developed technologies involve health food raw materials, cosmetic raw materials, APIs, pharmaceutical intermediates and other chiral compounds. ...
Detail >What’s N-acetylneuraminic Acid? Serum sialic acid (SA), also known as N-acetylneuraminic acid , exists in various tissues of the human body, mainly in the cell membrane. It is an important component of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the eukaryotic cell membrane and participates in various physiological functions of the body. SA plays a special role in the malignant transformation of cells. Its content is closely related to the proliferation, metastasis, infiltration, reduced cell adhesion, tumor antigenicity and escape from the immune surveillance of host cells of malignant tumor cells. It is a widely effective tumor marker. The serum SA content is stable during normal metabolism. When normal cells are transformed into malignant tumor cells, the increased synthesis of glycolipids on the cell membrane and the abnormal conversion of glycolipids on the cell membrane and more shedding or secretion into the blood are the main mechanisms leading to the increase of SA content in the serum of tumor patients. Clinical diagnostic significance of sialic acid ① Used for auxiliary diagnosis of digestive system malignant tumors Currently, in addition to endoscopy, imaging examination and pathological section examination, the detection of serum tumor markers has also become one of the commonly used clinical detection methods for the diagnosis of digestive system malignant tumors. ② Auxiliary diagnosis of lung cancer In lung cancer patients, the SA positive rate was 80.4% and the diagnostic accuracy rate was 87.3% (with histological or cytological results as the gold standard). Combined detection of SA and TSGF (tumor-specific growth factor) can increase the lung cancer positive rate to 89.8%. When the serum concentration of SA and TSGF decreased significantly after tumor resection, the positive rate decreased significantly. Determining the serum SA and TSGF content before and after lung cancer surgery helps to understand the patient's prognosis and has important clinical significance for monitoring the efficacy of surgery. ③ Leukemia auxiliary diagnosis The SA positive rate of leukemia patients is 70-80%, and it is even higher in acute leukemia. For patients with leukemia, the improvement of bone marrow images indicates that the clinical symptoms and signs are stable or improved, and the serum SA content has decreased significantly. For patients with worsening bone marrow images, the serum SA content has increased significantly, indicating worsening of the disease or death. ④ Head and neck tumors The anatomical morphology of the head and neck is complex, and tumors in many parts are not easy to detect early. Testing sialic acid (SA) can diagnose and monitor some malignant tumors. The SA content of patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancies is significantly higher than that of normal people and patients with benign tumors, and that of patients with stage III and IV malignancies is higher than that of patients with stage I and II. Moreover, the SA content decreases and then increases and continues to remain at a high level, indicating the possibility of recurrence and metastasis, and a poor prognosis. If it remains at a normal level, it indicates that the condition is stable and the prognosis is good. ⑤ Type II diabetes The increase in SA content is because SA is a basic component of the receptor and participates in the signal regulation process after insulin binds to the receptor. When diabetic patients develop the disease, the decomposition and release of SA in the insulin receptor on the surface of fat cells in the body increases, and the SA content in the circulating blood increases. Therefore, receptor abnormality is an important factor affecting the SA level of diabetic patients. It has been reported in the literature that the mean serum SA value of diabetic patients is significantly higher than that of the control group. Serum SA detection can be used as a reference indicator for diabetic patients. ⑥ Used for cancer antigen detection In addition to the above, the clinical application of SA has also been reported in ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, etc. The detection of serum SA combined with CEA, AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), CA125 (cancer antigen 125), CA50 (cancer antigen 50), etc. can further improve the sensitivity and specificity of the detection, and can more accurately diagnose and treat tumors, making up for the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of a single measurement. The positive rate is high in lung cancer, leukemia, intestinal cancer, etc., indicating that SA is closely related to malignant tumors and is a good tumor marker. ⑦ Used for postoperative observation Serum SA detection is also of certain value for dynamic observation of patients after surgery. After clinical cure by surgical resection, serum SA content can be reduced or even reach the normal range. This shows that serum SA is not only an objective indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of malignant tumors, but also a reliable indicator for monitoring changes in the course of surgical treatment. Summary Since serum SA levels do not change with age and gender, their expression varies in different types of malignant tumors, but they are closely related to cell-cell adhesion and aggregation, contact inhibition, cell transformation, metastasis, recurrence and spread of malignant tumors. Therefore, serum SA can be used to screen for a variety of malignant tumors (especially lung cancer) and is suitable for health screening of a large number of people, so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and treatment of tumor patients. Serum SA can also be used as an indicator for observing tumor efficacy, monitoring the growth and decline of tumors, estimating prognosis, and whether they spread, relapse and metastasize. ...
Detail >Bird's nest is a nest made of swiftlet saliva, down feathers and other substances. 656 years ago, royal nobles ate bird's nests to meet beauty. Nowadays, when the beauty economy is prevalent, bird's nest is still the first choice for women to nourish their skin. The main nutrient of bird's nest is protein, and the main bioactive component is sialic acid. These two indicators are important quality indicators for distinguishing bird's nest grades according to the industry standard GB/H 1092-2014. According to this standard, the higher the protein content and sialic acid content, the higher the quality level of the bird's nest. Table 1. Sialic acid content in bird ’ s nests of various quality grades Among them, sialic acid, also known as bird's nest acid, is a collective name for a class of negatively charged nine-carbon alpha-keto acid monosaccharide derivatives. It was named sialic acid because it was first isolated from bovine mandibular gland mucin by Blix. What's relationship with N-acetylneuraminic acid? Sialic acid is an important component of glycoproteins, oligosaccharides, and glycolipids. It usually exists as a glycoside structure at the ends of glycoproteins and glycolipids, and is widely found in vertebrates and mammals, such as the midbrain, liver, Blood, submandibular gland, brain gray matter, etc. There are more than 50 kinds of sialic acids that have been discovered, mainly including N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-glycoulylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and deaminoneuraminic acid. (deaminoneuraminic acid) three core monomers. The sialic acid contained in bird's nest mainly refers to N-acetylneuraminic acid . In addition, N-acetylneuraminic acid is the most common and abundant component, and it is also the most thoroughly studied sialic acid in the human body. Therefore, in most cases, people equate N-acetylneuraminic acid with sialic acid. Pic 1. Sialic Acid structural formula In addition, sialic acid is also found in large amounts in dairy products such as mutton, eggs, and breast milk, so it can be supplemented through exogenous intake. Bird's nest acid has the functions of mediating gangliosides, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-tumor, promoting growth, antioxidant, delaying aging, promoting collagen regeneration, etc., and is used in medicine, food, beauty and personal care fields. Her e we will focus on N-acetylneuraminic acid and learn about this ingredient and the story of the sialic acid family behind it . Some evidences Since 2021, there are several companies register N-acetylneuraminic Acid in National Medical Products Administration, The purpose of use of this raw material has been extended from moisturizer to anti-wrinkle agent, skin protectant, humectant and antioxidant, and can be applied to various skin care products. What kind of charm is it that allows N-acetylneuraminic acid to be successfully registered several times in a short period of time? Mainly because it has the functions of moisturizing, scavenging free radical ROS, promoting collagen regeneration, inhibiting skin glycation, etc., which can help skin anti- aging, achieve firmness and moisturization. Pic 2. NMPA cosmetic raw material registering record A nti-oxidation Compared with the control group, N-acetylneuraminic acid at different concentrations (15.6μg/mL, 31.3μg/mL, 62.5μg/mL [Zeng 1]) can significantly reduce the free radical ROS content (detected by relative fluorescence value ), helps resist cellular aging. Pic 3. Reduction of free radical ROS Promote type I collagen production The content of type I collagen increases as the concentration of N-acetylneuraminic acid increases. Tests show that N-acetylneuraminic acid can effectively promote the formation of type I collagen and help maintain the skin's supporting structure. Pic 4.Collagen content increases with increasing concentration of N-acetylneuraminic acid Anti-glycation The inhibition rate of non-enzymatic glycation increases with the increase in the concentration of N-acetylneuraminic acid. Experiments have proven that N-acetylneuraminic acid can inhibit the glycation process of the skin by inhibiting non-enzymatic glycation and protect the skin from excessive yellowing and dullness. Pic 5. Non-enzymatic glycosylation inhibition rate increases with increasing N-acetylneuraminic acid concentration In addition, test results from the Dermatology Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University show that sialic acid has anti-wrinkle and improved skin firmness effects. ...
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